In a structural system, which element directly carries floor and roof loads through its exterior?

The correct answer, load bearing wall, is integral to the structural integrity of a building. These walls are specifically designed to carry and transfer floor and roof loads down to the foundation. By supporting vertical loads, they play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the structure.

In contrast, shear walls primarily resist lateral forces caused by wind or seismic activity, rather than carrying vertical loads. Partition walls are typically non-load bearing and are used to create interior spaces without impacting the overall structural framework. Frame walls, depending on their construction, may or may not be load-bearing; however, they are generally used to provide a mix of load support and resistance to lateral forces, but they are not as directly responsible for carrying vertical loads like load bearing walls are. Thus, the distinction of the load bearing wall as the key element that directly carries floor and roof loads is clear.